Are cookstove projects truly worthless?

1.Over-crediting does exist within cookstove projects, largely attributable to using outdated default values for parameters such as fNRB. Previous methods predominantly relied on default country-specific fNRB values provided by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), typically ranging from 80-90%; however, actual fNRB values in some cases have been demonstrated to be 30-40% (Sylvera 2023). Engaging with this scrutiny and implementing rigorous ex ante analysis is crucial. It is recommended to use more accurate subnational/regional calculations, taking into account variables such as local population growth and land cover change, to ensure emissions reduction estimates are not inflated (UNFCCC 2023).

2.Despite the above, we should be cautious about approaching comparisons between literature values and carbon project data. As highlighted by BeZero, a project ratings agency, voluntary carbon market project-specific activities, such as regular follow-ups, stove maintenance services and incentivising practices, could result in better-performing projects compared to literature values. Drawing such comparison may oversimplify the complexities of on-the-ground implementation.

3.Cookstove projects, if done right, are impactful initiatives that deliver benefits beyond emission reductions. Aside from improving public health, these projects can bring meaningful co-benefits, such as significantly reducing the time spent on fuel collection, particularly benefiting women and children. There are high-quality cookstove projects out there that are bringing real benefits to local communities. When executed with precision, cookstove projects are meaningful and worth scaling up.

4.The voluntary carbon market is a dynamic and ever evolving force for positive change. Best practices, baselines, and default values are constantly changing. While challenges like over-crediting exist, organisations like the UNFCCC are actively working on expert consultations and will likely publish their calculations for more accurate fNRB values soon; both Verra and Gold Standard have been actively updating and developing new cookstove methodologies. The market is constantly evolving to ensure the efficacy of projects, and bridge the financing gap for tackling key issues such as household air pollution, which may otherwise struggle to attract adequate attention and resources.

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