Access to clean cooking solutions

Access to clean cooking solutions remains one of the most daunting development challenges. Based on the latest Global Tracking Framework, an additional 82.8 million people gained access to clean cooking solutions during 2014–16, but the annual access growth rate of 0.46 percentage points did not keep pace with population growth. In fact, the global population without access increased by 2 million annually, reaching 2.98 billion in 2016, which has profound impacts on public health and gender equality, poverty alleviation, environmental quality, and climate change. Because cooking is a highly contextualized system, local innovation and contextualized solutions are critical for long-term sustainability. Common barriers to adopting clean cooking solutions must be overcome, but there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The best ones will vary from place to place because of differences in behavior, culture, resources, institutions, and market conditions. Therefore, empowering the development of contextualized solutions, based on learning from international experience, including the latest technology innovations, will be key because those solutions are more likely to be sustainable. And only when solutions are sustainable can they be truly transformative. Incentives or subsidies will be needed to achieve universal access to modern energy cooking solutions. Like universal access to electricity–which no country has achieved without some form of subsidy–subsidies will be needed to achieve universal access to modern cooking solutions. Market forces and mechanisms are powerful tools for ensuring a sustainable supply of modern cooking technologies and should be harnessed in a way that helps the private sector to develop, market, and deliver modern cooking solutions. But left to market forces alone, access will be limited by affordability and other constraints that affect mainly poorer households, particularly in less developed and more remote

areas. Thus, government policies are needed to establish and maintain adequate levels of subsidy and design and implement effective subsidy allocation mechanisms to mobilize and sustain private-sector participation in scaling up access to modern cooking solutions and targeting households who have an affordability gap.

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